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دوره 15، شماره 2 - ( 5-1404 )
جلد 15 شماره 2 صفحات 139-131 |
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sajadi F, salehi M, mahmodi A, latifi A, asadi M H. A Review of Avicenna's View on Types of Uterine Dysfunctions and Their Complications. cmja 2025; 15 (2) :131-139
URL: http://cmja.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-1000-fa.html
URL: http://cmja.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-1000-fa.html
سجادی فاطمه سادات، صالحی مهدی، محمودی سید عبداله، لطیفی سید امیر حسین، اسدی محمد حسین. گذری بر دیدگاه ابن‌سینا درباره انواع سوءمزاجات رحمی و عوارض آن. فصلنامه طب مکمل. 1404; 15 (2) :131-139
1- کارشناسی ارشد تاریخ علوم پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اراک، اراک، ایران
2- استادیار، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اراک، اراک، ایران ،Salehi58@gmail.com
3- استادیار، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اراک، اراک، ایران
4- دانشیار، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اراک، اراک، ایران
5- مربی هیئت‌علمی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اراک، اراک، ایران
2- استادیار، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اراک، اراک، ایران ،
3- استادیار، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اراک، اراک، ایران
4- دانشیار، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اراک، اراک، ایران
5- مربی هیئت‌علمی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اراک، اراک، ایران
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INTRODUCTION
In Iranian medicine, each organ has a specific temperament that is essential to its function. Disturbance of the uterine temperament, known as uterine dysfunction, is considered a cause of disorders, such as infertility, oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, and hypermenorrhea. The present study aimed to identify the symptoms and consequences of uterine dysfunction, as described by Avicenna.
METHODS
The present review was conducted through library research using keywords, including uterine dysphoria, menstruation, and Avicenna in scientific databases, Noor software, and Al-Qunun fiُ l-tibb. In addition, the relevant data was collected and analyzed.
RESULTS
Temperament is the dominant quality of a composite body, arising from the interaction of opposing qualities in the smallest elements of the human body. The whole universe possesses temperament, and the organs of the human body are no exception. According to Avicenna, God has endowed each organ with a temperament most suitable for its functions, and the womb also has its own temperament.
Disturbance in the balance of coldness, warmth, moisture, and dryness alters uterine temperament and leads to disorders. Avicenna classified uterine temperaments and described their symptoms. A warm uterine temperament presents with little menstrual blood, often red or yellow, a warm body, pain near the liver, dry lips, yellow urine, rapid pulse, and excess hair. A cold temperament is associated with scanty or watery menstrual blood, back-stretching sensation, history of consuming cold or heavy foods, excessive intercourse, numbness of the uterine parts, scanty vaginal hair, and discolored urine. A wet temperament demonstrates watery menstruation, excessive uterine moisture, and miscarriage, while a dry temperament features a low-moisture uterus.
Causes of uterine dysphoria include neglect of the six essential principles of health, such as improper diet and lifestyle. Prolonged wakefulness, extreme heat, and emotional stress deplete uterine moisture and induce imbalance. Other factors include sedentary habits, vomiting, environmental conditions, and excessive use of cooling agents such as cold foods, frequent washing with cold water, and sitting in cold places, which weaken the uterine blood supply. Consumption of cold and dry foods also produces poor-quality humors, damaging the uterus and ovaries.
The uterus plays a vital role in purifying blood and nurturing the fetus. Uterine dysphoria can cause complications, such as excessive menstruation, amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, recurrent miscarriages, bloating, abnormal fetal positions, uterine prolapse, rashes, cancer, and ectropion. One major cause of menorrhagia is uterine weakness from an imbalance of temperament. Amenorrhea and oligomenorrhea, known in Iranian medicine as menstrual retention, often result from excessively hot or phlegmatic cold uterine temperaments, leading to reduced ovulation and infertility.
Avicenna and other Iranian scholars emphasized that a balanced uterine temperament is essential for reproductive health. Disturbance in this balance not only leads to gynecological problems but also contributes to infertility and systemic diseases, underscoring the importance of diagnosis and correction of uterine temperament.
CONCLUSION
Any abnormality in the uterus can cause menstrual disorders, fertility issues, and miscarriage, and it can have a significant impact on women's quality of life. The measures suggested by Iranian medical scholars, including Abu Ali Sina, can be effective for rapid, low-cost diagnosis and treatment of many of these disorders.
Ethical Considerations
Compliance with ethical guidelines
All ethical principles have been observed in this article. This article has been approved by the Ethics Committee at Arak University of Medical Sciences and is the result of the thesis of Ms. Fatemeh Sadat Sajjadi, with ethics code IR.ARAKMU.REC.1402.175.
Funding
There is no funding support for this study.
Authors' Contributions
All authors participated in the design, implementation, and writing of all parts of the present study.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declared that there is no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgments
We would like to express our gratitude to the professors and officials of the Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center of Arak University of Medical Sciences, Iran, as well as the Department of History of Medical Sciences of this university, who helped us in the preparation of this work.
In Iranian medicine, each organ has a specific temperament that is essential to its function. Disturbance of the uterine temperament, known as uterine dysfunction, is considered a cause of disorders, such as infertility, oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, and hypermenorrhea. The present study aimed to identify the symptoms and consequences of uterine dysfunction, as described by Avicenna.
METHODS
The present review was conducted through library research using keywords, including uterine dysphoria, menstruation, and Avicenna in scientific databases, Noor software, and Al-Qunun fiُ l-tibb. In addition, the relevant data was collected and analyzed.
RESULTS
Temperament is the dominant quality of a composite body, arising from the interaction of opposing qualities in the smallest elements of the human body. The whole universe possesses temperament, and the organs of the human body are no exception. According to Avicenna, God has endowed each organ with a temperament most suitable for its functions, and the womb also has its own temperament.
Disturbance in the balance of coldness, warmth, moisture, and dryness alters uterine temperament and leads to disorders. Avicenna classified uterine temperaments and described their symptoms. A warm uterine temperament presents with little menstrual blood, often red or yellow, a warm body, pain near the liver, dry lips, yellow urine, rapid pulse, and excess hair. A cold temperament is associated with scanty or watery menstrual blood, back-stretching sensation, history of consuming cold or heavy foods, excessive intercourse, numbness of the uterine parts, scanty vaginal hair, and discolored urine. A wet temperament demonstrates watery menstruation, excessive uterine moisture, and miscarriage, while a dry temperament features a low-moisture uterus.
Causes of uterine dysphoria include neglect of the six essential principles of health, such as improper diet and lifestyle. Prolonged wakefulness, extreme heat, and emotional stress deplete uterine moisture and induce imbalance. Other factors include sedentary habits, vomiting, environmental conditions, and excessive use of cooling agents such as cold foods, frequent washing with cold water, and sitting in cold places, which weaken the uterine blood supply. Consumption of cold and dry foods also produces poor-quality humors, damaging the uterus and ovaries.
The uterus plays a vital role in purifying blood and nurturing the fetus. Uterine dysphoria can cause complications, such as excessive menstruation, amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, recurrent miscarriages, bloating, abnormal fetal positions, uterine prolapse, rashes, cancer, and ectropion. One major cause of menorrhagia is uterine weakness from an imbalance of temperament. Amenorrhea and oligomenorrhea, known in Iranian medicine as menstrual retention, often result from excessively hot or phlegmatic cold uterine temperaments, leading to reduced ovulation and infertility.
Avicenna and other Iranian scholars emphasized that a balanced uterine temperament is essential for reproductive health. Disturbance in this balance not only leads to gynecological problems but also contributes to infertility and systemic diseases, underscoring the importance of diagnosis and correction of uterine temperament.
CONCLUSION
Any abnormality in the uterus can cause menstrual disorders, fertility issues, and miscarriage, and it can have a significant impact on women's quality of life. The measures suggested by Iranian medical scholars, including Abu Ali Sina, can be effective for rapid, low-cost diagnosis and treatment of many of these disorders.
Ethical Considerations
Compliance with ethical guidelines
All ethical principles have been observed in this article. This article has been approved by the Ethics Committee at Arak University of Medical Sciences and is the result of the thesis of Ms. Fatemeh Sadat Sajjadi, with ethics code IR.ARAKMU.REC.1402.175.
Funding
There is no funding support for this study.
Authors' Contributions
All authors participated in the design, implementation, and writing of all parts of the present study.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declared that there is no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgments
We would like to express our gratitude to the professors and officials of the Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center of Arak University of Medical Sciences, Iran, as well as the Department of History of Medical Sciences of this university, who helped us in the preparation of this work.
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مجله طب مکمل
اراک، سردشت، میدان بسیج، مجتمع دانشگاهی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اراک، بال آبی، دفتر مجله طب مکمل
تلفن دفتر نشریه: 08634173524
ایمیل: journalcmjaarakmu.ac.ir
