1. Introduction
Hospitals and medical centers, as places that provide health services, play an essential role in increasing patient satisfaction, reducing stress, and promoting health in patients, as well as training medical staff. Prserving life is the duty of a physician and the architect helps the physician to achieve this goal by creating and manage spaces for its eimplementation. Based on the traditional medicine, the health of the human body depends on the interaction with the environment. In addition to taking advantage of the natural features of the environment, creative spatial designs inside and outside the medical buildings can be used to enhance the interaction with the environment. There is lack of sufficient studies on the application of temperament (Mizaj) in spatial design, despite its practical role in the past architecture. The construction of medical centers with a music room for the treatment of the mentally ill is one of the examples of applying temperament in architecture [
2]. The old bathroom painting themes were also based on the human sensuality and temperament, where space therapy, color and light therapy, image therapy, aromatherapy, anecdotal therapy, etc. had also been performed. The present study aims to review the design of some traditional medicine centers.
2. Materials and Methods
This is a review study using descriptive survey method. While presenting how to use design parameters in traditional medicine centers, we try to propose designs to improve the physical and mental states of patients. Information were collected from traditional medicine books and online sources using a library method. First, the factors related to traditional medicine centers as well as a number of traditional medicine centers in the world and Iran were investigated, in addition to their architectural features. In this regard, environmental factors in the architectural design of these centers and underlying factors, including sufficient light, color, decorations and motifs, aromatherapy, natural materials and diversity in creating green space, and other factors influencing their design were identified. These environmental factors and their effects were evaluated, and solutions to create a healing atmosphere for the design of traditional medicine centers were presented. The history of traditional medicine centers in several countries in East Asia, including China, India, South Korea and Iran were also studied, and some ideas and suggestions to improve the efficiency and quality of their designs were provided.
3. Results
Four traditional medicine centers in the world were studied in detail. In
Table 1, the appropriate design parameters according to these centers are summarized. By reviewing the studies and the amount and how to use the factors in the architectural design of the mentioned centers were examined in a way that the cultural background of traditional medicine was the main axis of the design of these centers.
Compliance with the laws of nature and the maximum use of natural daylight led to the use of solar energy to treat diseases, prevent depression, and induce a sense of calm in patients, and resulted in energy savings and reduced organizational costs. Proper orientation of the openings and proper lighting of different wards were among the parameters that had been observed in the design of study centers. The use of different colors, suitable for the patient’s mood in the wards, and decorations for the comfort of people had also been considered. More use of minimal style design and dry building materials, not use of building materials harmful to health, use of sustainable materials, limited use of metals in interior design, and attention to the characteristics of building materials in each ward were issues that had been considered in the study traditional medicine centers.
In the design of these centers, nature had important role for treatment and there were various ideas of garden design as an important component of medical spaces. A quiet and peaceful atmosphere with a combination of nature and proper view and landscape was provided in these centers that gave a sense of freshness and vitality to the space.
4. Conclusion
In this study, while introducing several traditional medicine treatment centers, many of its characteristics were discussed. The variables of color, light, decoration, aromatherapy, materials, green space and nature were identified during an in-depth study, and the relationship between these variables and physical and mental health was assessed.Also, to ensure the evaluation of different design options of these medical centers based on the mentioned variables, we reviewed the proposed ideas to improve the efficiency and quality of cases. We are examining the case samples it can be seen that these variables have a higher priority. bIn Iran, there are no medical centers that have been designed specifically for this specialty of medicine from the beginning, and the need to design such centers seems necessary.
Ethical Considerations
Compliance with ethical guidelines
This article is a meta-analysis with no human or animal sample.
Funding
The paper was extracted from the MSc. thesis of the first author at the Department of Islamic Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Soore University, Tehran.
Authors' contributions
All authors equally contributed to preparing this article.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declared no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgements
All authors want to thank the library of Arak University of Medical Sciences and the Faculty of Architecture of Soura Tehran.