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Volume 13, Issue 4 (1-2024)
cmja 2024, 13(4): 54-64 |
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Ganjoori M, Golshani F, Baghdasarians A, Vahed E. Comparing the Effectiveness of Ayurveda, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Combining These Two Treatments with Each Other on Anxiety in Depressed Women. cmja 2024; 13 (4) :54-64
URL: http://cmja.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-949-en.html
URL: http://cmja.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-949-en.html
1- PhD Student in General Psychology, Department of Psychology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran ,fa_golshan@yahoo.com
3- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
4- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, North of Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran ,
3- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
4- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, North of Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Figure 1. Comparison of mean state and trait anxiety variables in pre-test, post-test, and follow-up in the studied groups
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INTRODUCTION
Depression is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders characterized by symptoms such as depressed and sad mood, anxiety, and anhedonia, the inability to feel pleasure. By 2023, more than 300 million people, 4.4 % of the world's population, have suffered from this disorder (1). The prevalence of depression indicates that one out of every 15 adults (6.7%) suffers from depression, and women are prone to suffer more from depression than men (2). The findings indicated that experiencing anxiety is common in patients with depression. A high percentage (two-thirds) of patients with depression have prominent anxiety symptoms (3. In Iran, up to 73% of the prevalence of depression has been reported in different regions up to 2018, and it was 1.7 times more in women than in men (Muntzari et al. 2012) (4). Furthermore, the coexistence of anxiety depression as an independent disorder shows the high similarity of these two disorders with each other (2). In patients with depression, the higher the intensity of anxiety, the higher the probability of suicide, the longer the period of depression, and the higher the probability of not responding to appropriate treatment will be (5).
On the other hand, about half of the people suffering from depression do not respond to the treatment or have a relapse, also, psychological treatments are usually expensive and insurance companies still do not pay for this, so in many cases, treatment is not completed by people. On the other hand, drug treatments are sometimes not accepted due to their side effects. Therefore, finding effective treatments with less side effects and cheap and affordable has always been one of the concerns of therapists and patients. An important issue when choosing a treatment method is the ability to provide each of the interventions (in terms of expertise and/or availability of treatment) and individual preferences (6). Therefore, there is always a need to introduce methods that can overcome the problems of common treatments and have the best results in improving symptoms. Hence, the existence of a natural, simple, accessible, and affordable treatment method is required by every person suffering from depression. Ayurvedic knowledge , that has been accepted by the American Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine as complementary medicine in the treatment of psychological diseases(2), can be done by focusing on modifying the person's lifestyle without the long-term presence of a therapist and at a much lower cost than current treatments. And since it focuses on many aspects of life such as nutrition, level of physical activities, communication, etc., it is likely to be effective in the sustainability of the treatment and the expansion of its effectiveness. This study aimed to compare the difference in the effectiveness of Ayurveda knowledge with cognitive-behavioral therapy as a widely used and common method in the treatment of depression, and the combination of the two, on reducing anxiety in depressed women, to answer this question: Does Ayurveda have a significant effect in improving the symptoms of depression and the experience of anxiety in people with depression? And can this approach work as a complementary treatment in improving the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy as a basic treatment for depression.
METHODS
The research was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The statistical population includes 40 women aged 45-25 who were diagnosed with moderate depression by a psychiatrist and took the Beck depression test. They volunteered to participate in this research by filling and signing the informed consent form. Subjects were placed in four groups of 10 people with a simple random allocation method & underwent CBT, Ayurveda and combination of the two for 10 weeks based on the protocols. Data collection tools were Beck depression inventory (BDI-II)(1996) & Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI)(1983). The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA with repeated measures.
RESULT
The intergroup effect test was significant in state anxiety (p = 0.003) and trait anxiety (p < 0.001). The partial ETA value indicated that approximately 31% of the variation in state anxiety and 46% in trait anxiety could be explained by the treatment groups. The results of comparing the averages between the groups with Tukey's test showed that there was a significant difference in trait anxiety between cognitive-behavioral therapy and Ayurvedic therapy as well as combined therapy (1.53 ± 7.4) (p < 0.001). Also there was a significant difference in state anxiety between cognitive-behavioral therapy and Ayurvedic treatment 1.88 ± 5.43 and between cognitive-behavioral therapy and combined therapy 1.88 ± 7.133 (p = 0.003). There was no significant difference between the experimental group of Ayurveda and combined treatment. (p = 1.00).
CONCLUSION
According to the obtained results, the combination of cognitive behavioral therapy and Ayurveda can have a better and more stable effect in reducing the anxiety of depressed women.
Ethical Considerations
This study has the ethics code number IR.IAU.CTB.REC.068/1400 from the Ethics and Research Committee of Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch and can be seen in the National System of Ethics and Biomedical Research. By filling and signing the written consent form, all the participants declared their willingness to participate in the research and volunteered to participate in this research, and they were assured that all information is confidential and will only be used for research purposes. Also, to respect privacy, the names and surnames of the people were not mentioned in the research.
Funding
There is no funding support.
Authors’ Contribution
Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgments
Depression is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders characterized by symptoms such as depressed and sad mood, anxiety, and anhedonia, the inability to feel pleasure. By 2023, more than 300 million people, 4.4 % of the world's population, have suffered from this disorder (1). The prevalence of depression indicates that one out of every 15 adults (6.7%) suffers from depression, and women are prone to suffer more from depression than men (2). The findings indicated that experiencing anxiety is common in patients with depression. A high percentage (two-thirds) of patients with depression have prominent anxiety symptoms (3. In Iran, up to 73% of the prevalence of depression has been reported in different regions up to 2018, and it was 1.7 times more in women than in men (Muntzari et al. 2012) (4). Furthermore, the coexistence of anxiety depression as an independent disorder shows the high similarity of these two disorders with each other (2). In patients with depression, the higher the intensity of anxiety, the higher the probability of suicide, the longer the period of depression, and the higher the probability of not responding to appropriate treatment will be (5).
On the other hand, about half of the people suffering from depression do not respond to the treatment or have a relapse, also, psychological treatments are usually expensive and insurance companies still do not pay for this, so in many cases, treatment is not completed by people. On the other hand, drug treatments are sometimes not accepted due to their side effects. Therefore, finding effective treatments with less side effects and cheap and affordable has always been one of the concerns of therapists and patients. An important issue when choosing a treatment method is the ability to provide each of the interventions (in terms of expertise and/or availability of treatment) and individual preferences (6). Therefore, there is always a need to introduce methods that can overcome the problems of common treatments and have the best results in improving symptoms. Hence, the existence of a natural, simple, accessible, and affordable treatment method is required by every person suffering from depression. Ayurvedic knowledge , that has been accepted by the American Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine as complementary medicine in the treatment of psychological diseases(2), can be done by focusing on modifying the person's lifestyle without the long-term presence of a therapist and at a much lower cost than current treatments. And since it focuses on many aspects of life such as nutrition, level of physical activities, communication, etc., it is likely to be effective in the sustainability of the treatment and the expansion of its effectiveness. This study aimed to compare the difference in the effectiveness of Ayurveda knowledge with cognitive-behavioral therapy as a widely used and common method in the treatment of depression, and the combination of the two, on reducing anxiety in depressed women, to answer this question: Does Ayurveda have a significant effect in improving the symptoms of depression and the experience of anxiety in people with depression? And can this approach work as a complementary treatment in improving the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy as a basic treatment for depression.
METHODS
The research was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The statistical population includes 40 women aged 45-25 who were diagnosed with moderate depression by a psychiatrist and took the Beck depression test. They volunteered to participate in this research by filling and signing the informed consent form. Subjects were placed in four groups of 10 people with a simple random allocation method & underwent CBT, Ayurveda and combination of the two for 10 weeks based on the protocols. Data collection tools were Beck depression inventory (BDI-II)(1996) & Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI)(1983). The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA with repeated measures.
RESULT
The intergroup effect test was significant in state anxiety (p = 0.003) and trait anxiety (p < 0.001). The partial ETA value indicated that approximately 31% of the variation in state anxiety and 46% in trait anxiety could be explained by the treatment groups. The results of comparing the averages between the groups with Tukey's test showed that there was a significant difference in trait anxiety between cognitive-behavioral therapy and Ayurvedic therapy as well as combined therapy (1.53 ± 7.4) (p < 0.001). Also there was a significant difference in state anxiety between cognitive-behavioral therapy and Ayurvedic treatment 1.88 ± 5.43 and between cognitive-behavioral therapy and combined therapy 1.88 ± 7.133 (p = 0.003). There was no significant difference between the experimental group of Ayurveda and combined treatment. (p = 1.00).
CONCLUSION
According to the obtained results, the combination of cognitive behavioral therapy and Ayurveda can have a better and more stable effect in reducing the anxiety of depressed women.
Ethical Considerations
This study has the ethics code number IR.IAU.CTB.REC.068/1400 from the Ethics and Research Committee of Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch and can be seen in the National System of Ethics and Biomedical Research. By filling and signing the written consent form, all the participants declared their willingness to participate in the research and volunteered to participate in this research, and they were assured that all information is confidential and will only be used for research purposes. Also, to respect privacy, the names and surnames of the people were not mentioned in the research.
Funding
There is no funding support.
Authors’ Contribution
Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to all the persons for scientific consulting in this paper.
Figure 1. Comparison of mean state and trait anxiety variables in pre-test, post-test, and follow-up in the studied groups
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Traditional medicine
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