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Volume 13, Issue 4 (1-2024)
cmja 2024, 13(4): 65-73 |
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Mousavi H, Mohammadzadeh E, Badri H, Najafi E, Mousavi Tekantapeh G, Nazari S. Investigating the Antibacterial Properties of the Hydroalcoholic Extract of Pomegranate Peel and Phenol on a Group of Intestinal Bacteria in Vitro. cmja 2024; 13 (4) :65-73
URL: http://cmja.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-970-en.html
URL: http://cmja.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-970-en.html
Heydar Mousavi1 
, Ehsan Mohammadzadeh1 , Hajar Badri2 , Esmail Najafi , Golchin Mousavi Tekantapeh3 , Shahram Nazari 4
, Ehsan Mohammadzadeh1 , Hajar Badri2 , Esmail Najafi , Golchin Mousavi Tekantapeh3 , Shahram Nazari 4
1- Student Research Committee, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran
2- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran
3- Department of Public Health, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran
4- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran , shahramnazari73@yahoo.com
2- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran
3- Department of Public Health, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran
4- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran , shahramnazari73@yahoo.com
Keywords: Pomegranate peel, Antibacterial Agent, Hydroalcoholic Extract, intestinal bacteria, Phenol.
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Introduction
The use of herbal compounds to control infectious diseases dates back to a very long time ago, but with the advancement of medical science and the increase in the production of antibiotic drugs, the tendency to use these compounds has decreased (1, 2). In the early 20th century, the discovery of antimicrobial drugs, or antibiotics, was a historic turning point in the field of pharmaceuticals, which led to a dramatic reduction in the number of deaths from infectious diseases, which at the time were the leading cause of death worldwide(3, 4). In recent years, antibiotics have played an essential role in controlling infections, but their incorrect and excessive use has caused unwanted side effects and the creation of bacteria resistant to several drugs (5). Using high concentrations of antibiotics to destroy resistant bacteria causes poisoning and ultimately increases the percentage of deaths in patients (6). Therefore, measures should be taken to reduce side effects and bacterial resistance, and one of these ways is to discover new drugs based on herbal compounds that can be considered as a suitable alternative (7). Pomegranate is a plant with an ancient history that has been widely used in medical sciences and its components have many properties (8). Different parts of this plant such as seeds, bark, leaves and flowers have many chemical compounds such as phenolic compounds, sugars, amino acids, sterols, etc., which show different medicinal properties (9). The antimicrobial activity of pomegranate peel extract is due to the presence of phenolic substances, especially ellagic acid and punicalagin. These compounds are found in greater proportion in the peel of pomegranate fruit (10). The phenolic compounds present in pomegranate peel produce antimicrobial properties through several different mechanisms (11). The aim of the present research is to synthesize pomegranate peel extract and investigate its antibacterial effects on a group of bacteria of intestinal bacteria and compare its antibacterial properties with phenol.
METHODS
In this experimental study, pomegranate peel extract was extracted with the hydro alcoholic method. The Antibacterial effect of pomegranate peel extract was performed via disc diffusion and micro broth dilution methods on standard species of intestinal bacteria. All experiments were performed according to the guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).
RESULTS
The MIC of pomegranate peel extract for Shigella dysentery, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter aerogenes bacteria were 12.5%, 12.5%, 25% and 6.25%, respectively. Also, the MBC of pomegranate peel extract for Shigella dysentery, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Enterobacter aerogenes bacteria were obtained 25%. The zone of inhibition for Shigella dysentery, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter aerogenes bacteria was 18, 19, 16 and 22, respectively.
CONCLUSION
This study has been registered with the ethical code IR.KHALUMS.REC.1402.006 in the Ethics Committee of Khalkhal Faculty of Medical Sciences.
Ethical Considerations
This study has been registered with the ethical code IR.KHALUMS.REC.1402.006 in the Ethics Committee of Khalkhal Faculty of Medical Sciences.
Funding
This article is the result of a research project approved by the student research committee and all the financial support of this research project was done by this committee.
Authors’ Contribution
The manuscript was written through contributions of all authors. All authors have given approval to the final version of the manuscript. Ehsan Mohammadzadeh: Investigation, Conceptualization, Writing - original draft, Heydar Mousavi: Methodology, writing - review & editing, Hajar Badri: Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Esmail Najafi: Resources, Visualization, Golchin Mousavi Tekantapeh: Investigation, Writing-original draft. Shahram Nazari: Supervision, Methodology.
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgments
This study was supported via student research and technology Committee, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences (grant number: IR-KH-1401-06-023 and Ethical Code: IR.KHALUMS. REC.1401.006).
The use of herbal compounds to control infectious diseases dates back to a very long time ago, but with the advancement of medical science and the increase in the production of antibiotic drugs, the tendency to use these compounds has decreased (1, 2). In the early 20th century, the discovery of antimicrobial drugs, or antibiotics, was a historic turning point in the field of pharmaceuticals, which led to a dramatic reduction in the number of deaths from infectious diseases, which at the time were the leading cause of death worldwide(3, 4). In recent years, antibiotics have played an essential role in controlling infections, but their incorrect and excessive use has caused unwanted side effects and the creation of bacteria resistant to several drugs (5). Using high concentrations of antibiotics to destroy resistant bacteria causes poisoning and ultimately increases the percentage of deaths in patients (6). Therefore, measures should be taken to reduce side effects and bacterial resistance, and one of these ways is to discover new drugs based on herbal compounds that can be considered as a suitable alternative (7). Pomegranate is a plant with an ancient history that has been widely used in medical sciences and its components have many properties (8). Different parts of this plant such as seeds, bark, leaves and flowers have many chemical compounds such as phenolic compounds, sugars, amino acids, sterols, etc., which show different medicinal properties (9). The antimicrobial activity of pomegranate peel extract is due to the presence of phenolic substances, especially ellagic acid and punicalagin. These compounds are found in greater proportion in the peel of pomegranate fruit (10). The phenolic compounds present in pomegranate peel produce antimicrobial properties through several different mechanisms (11). The aim of the present research is to synthesize pomegranate peel extract and investigate its antibacterial effects on a group of bacteria of intestinal bacteria and compare its antibacterial properties with phenol.
METHODS
In this experimental study, pomegranate peel extract was extracted with the hydro alcoholic method. The Antibacterial effect of pomegranate peel extract was performed via disc diffusion and micro broth dilution methods on standard species of intestinal bacteria. All experiments were performed according to the guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).
RESULTS
The MIC of pomegranate peel extract for Shigella dysentery, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter aerogenes bacteria were 12.5%, 12.5%, 25% and 6.25%, respectively. Also, the MBC of pomegranate peel extract for Shigella dysentery, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Enterobacter aerogenes bacteria were obtained 25%. The zone of inhibition for Shigella dysentery, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter aerogenes bacteria was 18, 19, 16 and 22, respectively.
CONCLUSION
This study has been registered with the ethical code IR.KHALUMS.REC.1402.006 in the Ethics Committee of Khalkhal Faculty of Medical Sciences.
Ethical Considerations
This study has been registered with the ethical code IR.KHALUMS.REC.1402.006 in the Ethics Committee of Khalkhal Faculty of Medical Sciences.
Funding
This article is the result of a research project approved by the student research committee and all the financial support of this research project was done by this committee.
Authors’ Contribution
The manuscript was written through contributions of all authors. All authors have given approval to the final version of the manuscript. Ehsan Mohammadzadeh: Investigation, Conceptualization, Writing - original draft, Heydar Mousavi: Methodology, writing - review & editing, Hajar Badri: Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Esmail Najafi: Resources, Visualization, Golchin Mousavi Tekantapeh: Investigation, Writing-original draft. Shahram Nazari: Supervision, Methodology.
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgments
This study was supported via student research and technology Committee, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences (grant number: IR-KH-1401-06-023 and Ethical Code: IR.KHALUMS. REC.1401.006).
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Medicinal Plants
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