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Volume 14, Issue 4 (1-2025)
cmja 2025, 14(4): 64-74 |
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Kordi khondabi M, Sharafi deharham F, Valipour dehnou V, Roozbahani M. The Effect of the Eighth Week of Intense Interval Training and Bee Pollen Consumption on Interleukin-1 Beta, Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, and C-Reactive Protein in the Hippocampus of Rats Exposed to Cadmium. cmja 2025; 14 (4) :64-74
URL: http://cmja.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-1021-en.html
URL: http://cmja.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-1021-en.html
1- Department of Exercise Physiology, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran
2- Assistant Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran. ,firuz.sharafi@yahoo.com
3- Associate Professor, Sports Sciences Department, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
4- Assistant Professor, Department of Motor Behavior, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran
2- Assistant Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran. ,
3- Associate Professor, Sports Sciences Department, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
4- Assistant Professor, Department of Motor Behavior, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran
Abstract: (431 Views)
Introduction: Studies have shown that chronic toxic cadmium modulates immune function and increases inflammatory responses. In contrast, exercise and some supplements cause changes in the levels of inflammatory markers. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training and pollen consumption on interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in rats exposed to cadmium.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 25 male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, namely healthy control, cadmium, pollen, high-intensity interval training, and pollen+high-intensity interval training. They performed high-intensity interval training for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week. At the same time, they consumed pollen (200 mg dissolved in 2/4 cc of normal saline) and cadmium chloride (400 mg/kg/w/l dissolved in drinking water) daily. Hippocampal inflammatory factors were measured. Two-way analysis of variance and t-test were used for data analysis at a significance level of P≤ 0.05.
Results: The values of IL-1β and TNF-α in the pollen group (P=0.898), exercise (P=0.258), and pollen+exercise (P=0.056) were not significant, compared to the cadmium group. The values of CRP for the pollen group (P=0.029) and pollen+exercise (P=0.005) were significant, compared to the cadmium group. However, it was not significant for the exercise group (P=0.267). Moreover, the interaction effect of exercise and pollen for IL-1β (P=0.227), TNF-α (P=0.846), and CRP (P=0.957) values was not significant.
Conclusions: It is likely that intense interval training and pollen alone and in interaction are unable to reduce some inflammatory factors in rats exposed to cadmium.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 25 male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, namely healthy control, cadmium, pollen, high-intensity interval training, and pollen+high-intensity interval training. They performed high-intensity interval training for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week. At the same time, they consumed pollen (200 mg dissolved in 2/4 cc of normal saline) and cadmium chloride (400 mg/kg/w/l dissolved in drinking water) daily. Hippocampal inflammatory factors were measured. Two-way analysis of variance and t-test were used for data analysis at a significance level of P≤ 0.05.
Results: The values of IL-1β and TNF-α in the pollen group (P=0.898), exercise (P=0.258), and pollen+exercise (P=0.056) were not significant, compared to the cadmium group. The values of CRP for the pollen group (P=0.029) and pollen+exercise (P=0.005) were significant, compared to the cadmium group. However, it was not significant for the exercise group (P=0.267). Moreover, the interaction effect of exercise and pollen for IL-1β (P=0.227), TNF-α (P=0.846), and CRP (P=0.957) values was not significant.
Conclusions: It is likely that intense interval training and pollen alone and in interaction are unable to reduce some inflammatory factors in rats exposed to cadmium.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Physiology
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