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Volume 14, Issue 2 (8-2024)
cmja 2024, 14(2): 1-10 |
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Omidali F, Shabkhiz F, Akbarnejad Qaralow A. The effect of 8 weeks of Whole-Body High-Intensity Interval Training with the consumption of mango leaf extract on the serum levels of oxidative and antioxidant stress in overweight and obese men. cmja 2024; 14 (2) :1-10
URL: http://cmja.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-983-en.html
URL: http://cmja.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-983-en.html
1- Department of Sport Biosciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2- Associate Professor, Department of Sport Biosciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. ,shabkhiz@ut.ac.ir
3- Associate Professor, Department of Sport Biosciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2- Associate Professor, Department of Sport Biosciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. ,
3- Associate Professor, Department of Sport Biosciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Keywords: Complementary and alternative medicine, High-intensity interval training, Malondialdehyde, Mangifera indica L, Obesity
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INTRODUCTION
Obesity is a chronic and progressive metabolic disease that disrupts a person’s health and quality of life (1). In recent years, the role of obesity in the occurrence and development of oxidative stress has been identified. Abnormal accumulation of fat can cause a pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant state through various biochemical and cellular mechanisms (2). A decrease in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) impairs protection against free radicals. An increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) index, which expresses the amount of lipid peroxidation (oxidative damage to the lipid membrane of the cell), is investigated as a possible mechanism involved in causing damage (3). When the production of free radicals (ROS) increases in the body, MDA and TAC are among the important indicators that are measured (4).
There are various treatment methods for obesity. Primary treatments include lifestyle modification, diet therapy, physical activity, and behavioral modification. Sports activity is considered a suitable treatment method for this group of people due to the positive metabolic effects it leaves behind (5). Whole-body-based training (WB-HIIT) is a type of high-intensity interval training that uses only body weight for a predetermined time with rest intervals (6). Considering the lack of time, space, and facilities, which are obstacles to participating in sports activities, WB-HIIT is cost-effective and makes more progress in physical fitness factors compared to traditional training methods (7).
In short, oxidative stress in overweight and obesity is a systemic problem that must be corrected by improving antioxidant defense through exercise and diet. However, it is important to note that doing intense sports activities can sometimes cause and exacerbate oxidative stress conditions in people who are overweight and obese (8). Considering the limited studies on the effects of mango leaf extract supplementation on oxidative stress, especially after performing intense sports activity, the present study is the first to examine the effect of eight weeks of WB-HIIT combined with mango leaf extract supplementation on MDA and TAC indicators in overweight and obese men who were previously inactive.
There are various treatment methods for obesity. Primary treatments include lifestyle modification, diet therapy, physical activity, and behavioral modification. Sports activity is considered a suitable treatment method for this group of people due to the positive metabolic effects it leaves behind (5). Whole-body-based training (WB-HIIT) is a type of high-intensity interval training that uses only body weight for a predetermined time with rest intervals (6). Considering the lack of time, space, and facilities, which are obstacles to participating in sports activities, WB-HIIT is cost-effective and makes more progress in physical fitness factors compared to traditional training methods (7).
In short, oxidative stress in overweight and obesity is a systemic problem that must be corrected by improving antioxidant defense through exercise and diet. However, it is important to note that doing intense sports activities can sometimes cause and exacerbate oxidative stress conditions in people who are overweight and obese (8). Considering the limited studies on the effects of mango leaf extract supplementation on oxidative stress, especially after performing intense sports activity, the present study is the first to examine the effect of eight weeks of WB-HIIT combined with mango leaf extract supplementation on MDA and TAC indicators in overweight and obese men who were previously inactive.
METHODS
In this semi-experimental study, 40 untrained men with age (32.4±1.4) years and body mass index (30.13±2.6) kg/m2 participated. Subjects were informed and after obtaining written consent, they were randomly assigned to four groups: "exercise + placebo, mango leaf extract, exercise + mango leaf extract, and control". The exercises were done for 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week.
WB-HIIT exercises for 8 weeks, 3 times a week, and each training session after 5 minutes of warming up and stretching movements, included 4 movements. One turn in this protocol consisted of four movements (jumping jack, burpee, mountain climb, and squat jump). 30 seconds rest between movements and three minutes between each round of exercise. Subjects performed all-out intensity followed by 30 seconds of almost passive recovery (TR) (9). The extract and placebo groups consumed one 500 mg capsule of mango leaf extract and placebo daily for 8 weeks, respectively. Blood sampling was done before and after 8 weeks of intervention. The amount of MDA, as the main index of lipid peroxidation, and TAC were measured using the kits of the company (Zell Bio GmbH) made in Germany by ELISA method. The obtained data were analyzed in the SPSS-26 software environment. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to check the normality of the data and the Lune test was used to determine the equality of data dispersion. Inferential t-correlated statistics were used to compare pre- and post-test within groups and one-way analysis of variance was used for inter-group comparison. Scheffe's post hoc test was also used to determine intergroup differences at a significant level (p ≥ 0.05).
WB-HIIT exercises for 8 weeks, 3 times a week, and each training session after 5 minutes of warming up and stretching movements, included 4 movements. One turn in this protocol consisted of four movements (jumping jack, burpee, mountain climb, and squat jump). 30 seconds rest between movements and three minutes between each round of exercise. Subjects performed all-out intensity followed by 30 seconds of almost passive recovery (TR) (9). The extract and placebo groups consumed one 500 mg capsule of mango leaf extract and placebo daily for 8 weeks, respectively. Blood sampling was done before and after 8 weeks of intervention. The amount of MDA, as the main index of lipid peroxidation, and TAC were measured using the kits of the company (Zell Bio GmbH) made in Germany by ELISA method. The obtained data were analyzed in the SPSS-26 software environment. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to check the normality of the data and the Lune test was used to determine the equality of data dispersion. Inferential t-correlated statistics were used to compare pre- and post-test within groups and one-way analysis of variance was used for inter-group comparison. Scheffe's post hoc test was also used to determine intergroup differences at a significant level (p ≥ 0.05).
RESULTS
The results showed that there was no significant difference between the four groups before the intervention (P=0.155). However, after eight weeks of WB-HIIT with the consumption of mango leaf extract, serum TAC values increased significantly (1.304±0.17) compared to the control group (0.405±0.16) (P=0.001). However, although there was a decrease in the serum MDA values of the subjects in the studied groups, the difference was not significant (P=0.059).
The results of the Shefe’s post hoc test showed that there was a significant difference in the TAC level between the WB-HIIT+mango leaf extract group and the WB-HIIT+placebo (P=0.001) group, the WB-HIIT+mango leaf extract group and the control group (P=0.001), and the WB-HIIT+placebo group and the mango leaf extract group (P=0.001). The results of the Shefe's post hoc test showed that there was no significant difference between the studied groups in the amount of MDA (P≥0.05).
CONCLUSION
In this study, we investigated the effect of whole-body high-intensity interval training (WB-HIIT) and consumption of mango leaf aqueous extract on TAC and MDA in overweight and obese men. The findings of this study confirmed the importance of WB-HIIT activities in increasing TAC and decreasing MDA, although insignificant, in overweight and obese men who had no history of regular sports activity. It was stated that WB-HIIT exercises with the use of mango leaf aqueous extract for 8 weeks can have positive effects on oxidative stress by increasing the efficiency of antioxidant capacity and reducing the damage of oxidative stress. In addition, WB-HIIT training alone and WB-HIIT training combined with mango leaf consumption have more positive effects in increasing TAC compared to mango leaf extract alone; Therefore, the use of WB-HIIT exercises, due to some factors such as low cost, accessibility and enjoyment, and the use of mango leaves as a medicine with few side effects can be a more effective method in improving oxidative stress among overweight people.
The results of the Shefe’s post hoc test showed that there was a significant difference in the TAC level between the WB-HIIT+mango leaf extract group and the WB-HIIT+placebo (P=0.001) group, the WB-HIIT+mango leaf extract group and the control group (P=0.001), and the WB-HIIT+placebo group and the mango leaf extract group (P=0.001). The results of the Shefe's post hoc test showed that there was no significant difference between the studied groups in the amount of MDA (P≥0.05).
CONCLUSION
In this study, we investigated the effect of whole-body high-intensity interval training (WB-HIIT) and consumption of mango leaf aqueous extract on TAC and MDA in overweight and obese men. The findings of this study confirmed the importance of WB-HIIT activities in increasing TAC and decreasing MDA, although insignificant, in overweight and obese men who had no history of regular sports activity. It was stated that WB-HIIT exercises with the use of mango leaf aqueous extract for 8 weeks can have positive effects on oxidative stress by increasing the efficiency of antioxidant capacity and reducing the damage of oxidative stress. In addition, WB-HIIT training alone and WB-HIIT training combined with mango leaf consumption have more positive effects in increasing TAC compared to mango leaf extract alone; Therefore, the use of WB-HIIT exercises, due to some factors such as low cost, accessibility and enjoyment, and the use of mango leaves as a medicine with few side effects can be a more effective method in improving oxidative stress among overweight people.
Ethical Considerations
Compliance with ethical guidelines
This study is approved by the Ethics Committee of the Physical Education Research Institute (code: IR/SSRI.REC.2023.15667.2440).
This study is approved by the Ethics Committee of the Physical Education Research Institute (code: IR/SSRI.REC.2023.15667.2440).
Funding
There was no funding support.
Authors’ Contributions
All authors participated in the design, implementation, and writing of all parts of the research.
Conflict of Interest
Acknowledgments
Type of Study: Applicable |
Subject:
Physiology
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