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Volume 15, Issue 1 (4-2025)
cmja 2025, 15(1): 45-54 |
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Shamsholahi M, Heidarianpour A, Naderi A, Rabanian Najafabaddi Z. Effect of Eight Weeks of Functional Training with the Oral Intake of Ginger Powder on IL-6 and IL-10 Levels in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis. cmja 2025; 15 (1) :45-54
URL: http://cmja.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-1030-en.html
URL: http://cmja.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-1030-en.html
1- MSc in Exercise physiology, Faculty of Sport sciences, Bu-Ali Sina university, Hamedan, Iran
2- Professor of Exercise physiology, Faculty of Sport sciences, Bu-Ali Sina university, Hamedan, Iran ,a.heidarianpour@basu.ac.ir
3- Department of exercise and sport sciences, National University of skill(NUS), Tehran, Iran
4- MSc of Exercise physiology, Faculty of Sport sciences, Bu-Ali Sina university, Hamedan, Iran
2- Professor of Exercise physiology, Faculty of Sport sciences, Bu-Ali Sina university, Hamedan, Iran ,
3- Department of exercise and sport sciences, National University of skill(NUS), Tehran, Iran
4- MSc of Exercise physiology, Faculty of Sport sciences, Bu-Ali Sina university, Hamedan, Iran
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INTRODUCTION
Osteoarthritis, or knee arthritis, which is one of the most common joint diseases, is recognized as the main cause of pain and disability in most countries across the globe (1). The prevalence of the disease increases with age, as it is estimated that 40% of people over 70 worldwide suffer from the disease (1). Inflammation is a defense mechanism that forms a protective reaction in response to physical, chemical, and biological stimuli and aims to eliminate the primary factors of tissue cell damage and initiate the repair process (2). In general, the interleukin family plays a crucial role in inflammatory diseases, and their concentration in synovial fluid can serve as a reliable chemical marker for reflecting the severity and progression of osteoarthritis (2). Cytokines are peptides or proteins produced and released by immune system cells, mediating the production of immune responses. They are generally divided into two broad categories: pre-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory. Pre-inflammatory cytokines are involved in the development and progression of inflammation. Cytokines, such as Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6), are among the pre-inflammatory cytokines (3). Pre-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-10 are involved in the development and progression of inflammation. They are secreted in response to inflammation and are the limiting and reversing agents of the progressive inflammation process (3). Cytokines released from the skeletal muscle are not only related to exercise-induced immune changes, but also mediate acute exercise-induced metabolic changes and exercise adaptations (4). IL-6 acts as an activator of B lymphocytes for the production of antibodies and as an inducer for the production of acute-phase factors. IL-10 primarily acts as an inhibitor of macrophage activation and reduces the production of cytokines; moreover, it is effective in regulating immunity and inflammation (5). Regular exercise is increasingly considered an effective treatment strategy for osteoarthritis (6). In this regard, physical activity and exercise have been considered one of the basic pillars of care and management of arthritis over the decades. The cost-effectiveness and non-pharmacological nature of physical activity highlight its therapeutic importance (6). Furthermore, studies have demonstrated that ginger is an anti-inflammatory substance used in the treatment of rheumatism and muscle disorders, and the World Health Organization has considered ginger a dietary supplement (7). A wide array of studies has pointed out that this plant is beneficial for reducing the symptoms of arthritis (7).
METHODS
METHODS
In this experimental study, the subjects were patients with knee osteoarthritis who voluntarily participated in the study, consisting of 40 women aged 55-65 years with a mean weight of 75-85 kilograms. They were randomly assigned to four groups of 10 people: exercise, control, ginger, and exercise with ginger. The exercise program consisted of two parts: the first part included light exercises, and the second part included a combination of exercises. The training program was conducted for eight weeks, three times a week. Blood samples were taken 24 hours before and after the exercise program. For data analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk test was used to check for normality, and for comparison between groups, one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test were employed using SPSS software (version 29).
RESULTS
RESULTS
According to the toki follow-up test, after eight weeks of performance training with oral consumption of ginger powder, the decrease in the level of IL-6 in the exercise+ginger group compared to the control groups (P=0.012), exercise (P=0.053), and ginger (P=0.027) was statistically significant. The comparison before and after the research protocol at IL-6 level based on the correlation t-test demonstrated that the control group had a significant increase in IL-6 after eight weeks compared to before the research protocol (P=0.001). The decrease in IL-6 levels was also significant in the groups of exercise (P=0.001), ginger (P =0.001), and exercise+ ginger (P=0.001) compared to before the research protocol. Moreover, after eight weeks of performance training with oral consumption of ginger powder, the decrease in IL-10 level in the ginger groups (P=0.019) and exercise+ginger (P=0.003) was statistically significant compared to the control group. The reduction in the level of IL-10 in the exercise+ginger group compared to the exercise group was also significant (P=0.046). Comparison before and after the research protocol based on the correlated t-test illustrated that the control group displayed a significant increase in IL-10 after eight weeks compared to before the research protocol (P=0.006). Furthermore, a decrease in IL-10 levels was significant in the groups of exercise (P=0.002), ginger (P=0.002) and exercise+ginger (P=0.002) compared to before the research protocol.
CONCLUSION
As evidenced by the results of the present study, functional exercises combined with the consumption of ginger powder cause a significant decrease in levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in patients with knee arthritis. According to the findings of the current study, the use of financial exercise and ginger brings about remarkable changes in the pain relief of patients with knee osteoarthritis. In future studies, it is recommended to focus on the impact of different doses of ginger and other natural antioxidants and various exercises with different intensities and durations on other inflammatory factors associated with knee atrophy.
Ethical Considerations
Compliance with ethical guidelines
All ethical principles for working with animals were approved in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration and under the supervision of the Ethics Committee of the University of Bo Ali -Sina, with the code Rec. basu.ac. ir1402/040.
Funding
There is no funding support.
CONCLUSION
As evidenced by the results of the present study, functional exercises combined with the consumption of ginger powder cause a significant decrease in levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in patients with knee arthritis. According to the findings of the current study, the use of financial exercise and ginger brings about remarkable changes in the pain relief of patients with knee osteoarthritis. In future studies, it is recommended to focus on the impact of different doses of ginger and other natural antioxidants and various exercises with different intensities and durations on other inflammatory factors associated with knee atrophy.
Ethical Considerations
Compliance with ethical guidelines
All ethical principles for working with animals were approved in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration and under the supervision of the Ethics Committee of the University of Bo Ali -Sina, with the code Rec. basu.ac. ir1402/040.
Funding
There is no funding support.
Authors Contributions
All authors contributed to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declared no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgements
It is worth thanking and appreciating the efforts of Dr. Heidarianpour, who helped us by providing careful guidance and designing this study, as well as the patients who have accompanied us with patience during this study.
All authors contributed to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declared no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgements
It is worth thanking and appreciating the efforts of Dr. Heidarianpour, who helped us by providing careful guidance and designing this study, as well as the patients who have accompanied us with patience during this study.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Medicinal Plants
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