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Volume 14, Issue 1 (4-2024)
cmja 2024, 14(1): 54-62 |
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Fallahi Z, Aleyasin S A. The Effectiveness of Logotherapy on Pain Coping Strategies/ Psychological Capital and Death Anxiety in women with Breast Cancer. cmja 2024; 14 (1) :54-62
URL: http://cmja.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-976-en.html
URL: http://cmja.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-976-en.html
1- Master of Clinical Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Ashtian Branch, Azad Islamic University, Ashtian, Iran
2- Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Ashtian Branch, Azad Islamic University, Ashtian, Iran ,Aleyasin_psychology@yahoo.com
2- Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Ashtian Branch, Azad Islamic University, Ashtian, Iran ,
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Ethical Considerations
The current research has the ethical code IR.IAU.ARAK.REC.1402.113 from Arak Azad University, Falaq branch. Ethical principles were observed in this study, including obtaining permission to conduct the research, obtaining written informed consent from the participants, the absence of any coercion and keeping the participants' information confidential, and publishing the results without mentioning the names and personal characteristics of the patients.
Funding
Full-Text: (93 Views)
INTRODUCTION
Breast cancer is one of the most important and challenging diseases in the world today. During the last four decades, an increase in the incidence of breast cancer has placed it among the most malignant diseases among Iranian women (1). Clinical experts have found that coping strategies play a powerful mediating role in the psychological and physiological experience of pain. Coping refers to a person's mental, emotional, and behavioral efforts when facing psychological pressures in order to overcome, tolerate, or minimize complications (2). Psychological capital is a combined and connected instrument that includes four perceptual-cognitive components, namely hope, optimism, self-efficacy, and resilience. These components, in an interactive and evaluative process, have given meaning to a person's life and supported their ongoing endeavor to address stressful situations (3). Death anxiety is accompanied by reduced life satisfaction, diminished quality of life, family stress, and physical and mental health issues. As researchers have shown, women experience higher death anxiety than men (6). The term "logotherapy" or "meaning therapy" derives from the term "logos," meaning "will of God" or "meaning." The goal of logotherapy is to enable the patient to discover the unique meaning of his life and to outline the patient's limits, choices, and freedoms (2). Furthermore, the findings show the positive and impactful effects of the logotherapy approach on breast cancer.
Materials and Methods
This semi-experimental study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population of this research included all women with breast cancer referred to Zafar Medical Complex in Karaj City in 2022. A number of 30 women who were willing to participate in the study were selected as a sample using a non-random sampling method. With the targeted assignment, 15 women were placed in the experimental group and 15 women in the control group. The inclusion criteria for participation in the study were being 20-40 years old, possessing a high school diploma, being diagnosed with breast cancer, and having a moderate socioeconomic status. On the other hand, the exclusion criterion was the existence of any additional concurrent illness apart from breast cancer, undergoing psychological or psychiatric treatment, having a significant other physical or mental disease, failure to attend any of the logotherapy sessions, or neglecting to complete assigned tasks and follow through with the sessions. Logotherapy intervention was implemented in ten 2-hour group sessions. First, both groups were pre-tested with Rosenstein's Pain Coping Strategies Questionnaire (2, 4, 10, 11), Luthans' Psychological Capitals Questionnaire (3, 5), and Templer's Death Anxiety Questionnaire (9-12, 14). The control group did not receive treatment. At the end of the intervention, both groups were subjected to the post-test. The data of this research were analyzed in SPSS-22 software using inferential statistics and multivariate analysis of covariance methods.
Results
According to the results, it seems that logotherapy can have positive effects on reducing the psychological problems of people with cancer, especially women with breast cancer, and can be adopted as a useful tool to increase the efficiency and capabilities of these individuals. In hospitals where cancer patients are being treated, a logotherapy-based psychotherapy department can be considered. This approach is noted for its absence of adverse side effects commonly associated with radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and certain pharmaceuticals. Additionally, group therapy sessions using this method offer a cost-effective alternative.
Table 1. Effectiveness of logotherapy on the variables pre- and post-test
Materials and Methods
This semi-experimental study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population of this research included all women with breast cancer referred to Zafar Medical Complex in Karaj City in 2022. A number of 30 women who were willing to participate in the study were selected as a sample using a non-random sampling method. With the targeted assignment, 15 women were placed in the experimental group and 15 women in the control group. The inclusion criteria for participation in the study were being 20-40 years old, possessing a high school diploma, being diagnosed with breast cancer, and having a moderate socioeconomic status. On the other hand, the exclusion criterion was the existence of any additional concurrent illness apart from breast cancer, undergoing psychological or psychiatric treatment, having a significant other physical or mental disease, failure to attend any of the logotherapy sessions, or neglecting to complete assigned tasks and follow through with the sessions. Logotherapy intervention was implemented in ten 2-hour group sessions. First, both groups were pre-tested with Rosenstein's Pain Coping Strategies Questionnaire (2, 4, 10, 11), Luthans' Psychological Capitals Questionnaire (3, 5), and Templer's Death Anxiety Questionnaire (9-12, 14). The control group did not receive treatment. At the end of the intervention, both groups were subjected to the post-test. The data of this research were analyzed in SPSS-22 software using inferential statistics and multivariate analysis of covariance methods.
Results
According to the results, it seems that logotherapy can have positive effects on reducing the psychological problems of people with cancer, especially women with breast cancer, and can be adopted as a useful tool to increase the efficiency and capabilities of these individuals. In hospitals where cancer patients are being treated, a logotherapy-based psychotherapy department can be considered. This approach is noted for its absence of adverse side effects commonly associated with radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and certain pharmaceuticals. Additionally, group therapy sessions using this method offer a cost-effective alternative.
Table 1. Effectiveness of logotherapy on the variables pre- and post-test
| Pre-test | Post-test | P-value | Eta square coefficient | |
| Psychological capitals Test Control |
50.60±2.208 46.80±2.519 |
54.33±1.968 47.00±2.573 |
0.0001 | 0.64 |
| Resilience Test Control |
12.13±1.050 11.73±1.185 |
13.93±0.988 11.93±1.285 |
0.0001 | 0.64 |
| Optimism Test Control |
14.07±1.062 10.13±1.004 |
15.33±903 10.27±0.937 |
0.0001 | 0.64 |
| Efficacy Test Control |
11.60±1.108 12.53±1.095 |
67.12±0.919 12.53±1.095 |
0.0001 | 0.64 |
| Returning attention Test Control |
6.33±1.145 7.13±1.447 |
8.47±1.278 7.13±1.447 |
14.667 | 0.003 |
| Reinterpretation of pain Test Control |
9.93±1.040 9.80±1.395 |
11.40±11.120 9.80+1.395 |
6.248 | 0.030 |
| Self-talk Test Control |
23.13±2.439 20.80±1.598 |
20.2±2.183 20.80±1.598 |
0.0001 | 0.61 |
| Invisibility of Pain Test Control |
8.20±0.927 8.20±1.239 |
9.93±0.796 8.20±1.239 |
0.002 | 0.59 |
| Catastrophizing Test Control |
14.73±1.888 16.07±2.237 |
13.53±1.641 16.07±2.237 |
0.002 | 0.033 |
| Prayer hope Test Control |
12.20±1.356 15.13±1.099 |
14.00±1.418 15.13±1.099 |
0.004 | 0.53 |
| Ability to work Test Control |
11.20±0.962 11.47±0.975 |
13.73±1.102 11.47±0.975 |
0.002 | 0.51 |
| Death anxiety Test Control |
0.729±9.40 9.40±0.827 |
9.27±0.859 9.40±0.827 |
0.51 | 0.51 |
Ethical Considerations
The current research has the ethical code IR.IAU.ARAK.REC.1402.113 from Arak Azad University, Falaq branch. Ethical principles were observed in this study, including obtaining permission to conduct the research, obtaining written informed consent from the participants, the absence of any coercion and keeping the participants' information confidential, and publishing the results without mentioning the names and personal characteristics of the patients.
Funding
There is no funding support.
Authors' Contribution
Authors' Contribution
The authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.
Conflict of Interest
Conflict of Interest
The authors declared no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments
The researchers would like to express their gratitude to the research assistant of the Ashtian branch of Azad University and all the participants who helped in this research.
Type of Study: Applicable |
Subject:
Clinical Medicine
References
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